Electrically actuated railway system



2 Sheets-Sheet 41,

(No Model.)

P.fL.-POPB. y ELGTRIGALLY AGTUATED RAILWAY SYSTEM. No. 320,28

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@WOT/110130 (No Model.) 2 *Sheets-Sheet 2* P. L. PoPP.. BLEGTRIGALLY AGTUATED RAILWAY SYSTEM. lNg. 320,283. Patented Jun-@'16, 1895;.

NNN@ SI w l, Tn: Nomzls rsrzns co, FHOTQLITHOA, WASHINGTON. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.l

FRANK L. POPE, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRlCALLY- ACTUATED RAI LWAYl SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part-.of Letters Patent. No. 320,283, dated June 1,6, 1885.

pgiliration h-d February 24, 18x-5. (No model.)

T all whom, t may concern.-

- Be it known that I, FRANK L. Pore-achizen of the United States, residing' in Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvcmentsin Electrically-Actuated Railway Systen1s,'ot' which the'tollowing is a specitcation.

for propelling vehicles upon railroads by electricity; and it consists in an improved organi- `zation of automaticallyactuated circuits and uated instantly from any poiutalong or uponv the lincof tbc railroad, or upon the particular' sect1 on ot' the railroad which is being traversed y by said vehicle or vehicles.

In electrically actuated railroad systems heretofore -in use two principal methods have been employed for conveying` the electric current from a stationary source of electric energy to a traveling motor, which propels and is at the same time carried by a moving vehicle. In one system the track of the railway is divided into electrical working-sections ot` convenient length, the opposite lines ofrails ofeach section being insulated from each other as completely as possible, and each line of rails of eachsection being in like manner carefully insulated from the abutting rails of the next adjacent section in both directions. Each section of track thus prepared. has its opposite lines of rails pcrma nently connected with the respective'opposite poles ot' a suitable source of electricity, such as a dynamo-electric generator driven by a steun-engine or other suitable prime motor. The opposite wheels of cach pair of wheels supporting,` the vehicleare insulated from each other. An electric motor is mounted upon and carried by the vehicle, its rotating portion being;` mechanically connected with an axle and its wheels, while its electric terminals are respectively connected to the tires of the Lopposite wheels upon the axle. Thus when the vehicle stands 'upon' the insulated track,"a1`1` electrical connection isformed from one line vMy invention relates to apparatus and means l of'rails to the other, and the current traverses the coils of the electric motor,`thus causing the same to tn rn the wheels which propel the vehicle along the track of the railway.

In the other systems referred to` onc'or more specially insulated electric conduct-ors are extended for a considerable distance, in some cases severalmiles, along` the line` of the railway 'and parallel-thereto. In this case the rails of the track form no part of the direct or supply circuit. Theymay or may not forma portion of the retnrn-circnit.- The connection between the traveling motor and the supply and return conductor or conductors is made by means of suitable contact devices-such as p brushes, rollers, or Scrapers. i In this system the main conductor is sometimes divided into sections, Which-,are successively brought into electrical connection with fthe source of electrical. energy as tl'ievehicle advances along the track. p

My invention is equally applicable in connection with either of these two systems; but I have preferred to describe and explain it as applied tothe iirstinentioned organization, in which thel rails o .t' the track are insulated, and of themselves form the sectional conductor which supplies the electric current to the traveling motors.

The general. object of my invention. is to enable vehicles to 'be propelled by electricity upon a railway at a high rate of speed and in either direction, andA to automatically supply lthemselves with an electric current, and, also,

to enable said vehicles to be' effectually controlled from designated stations, and, in case of emergency, from any point whatever along the line ofthe railway.

In my present invention the automatic circuitcontrollers are operated by electro-magnets, and the helices of these electro-magnets are included in' one or moreindcpendent local eontrollingcircuits which derive their actuating-current from a generator carried upon .the

moving vehicle itself, which current is antomatically brought into action just before said vehicle enters upon` any given section going in either direction.

The invention also comprises an independent circuit, which is extended along,` each section of the electrically-operated railway, being;`

Apreferably Qconducted through a small wire IOO .insulating material.

placed within convenient distance of' the ground at the side of the track, which may be termed a break-down7 wire; and means are provided whereby upon the severing of this wire the How of the electric current from the main conductors to a moving vehicle upon the section is not only instantly interrupted, but the electric: motor which .propels the vehicle is short-circuitcd, thusinstant-ly causing a powerful resistance to be opposed to the progress of the Vehicle, so as to bring it promptly to a stand. v

The invention further comprises certain details in t-he construction and organization of' the apparatus for automatically controlling the electric currents passing from the main conductors through the branch circuits to the insulated track-sections, irrespective of the direction in which the vehicle may benioving.

,In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 isa diagram illustrating the general features of my invention, and Fig. 2is a diagram which shows the organization ot' electric circuits in or upon a traveling vehicle or locomotive especially-adapted to be used in and to form a part ot'my improved system.

In Fig'. 1, A A represent a railway-track- '.which is divided into insulated working-sections of convenient length, two of which are shownat a b and a2 b2. The rail-joints which form the terminations ot' these sections are rendered mechanically continuous, but electrically discontinuous by the interpositiou of Such' insulatingjoints may he constructed in any suitable or wellknown manner-sneh, for example, as that described in'my former Letters Patent No. 129,425, of .Inl' 'y-16, 1872, to which reference is had. These insulatingjoints are inserted in th'e track at proper intervals and separate the adjacent sections t'rom cach other,as shown at ef', lf-2, e" f, e*f*, ef, and cff'i. This method of dividing a railroad-track into insulated sections is well known in connection with the art of automatic railway-signaling, and in itself forms no part of the present invention.

It may be remarked, however, that it isv desirable in practice to apply a specialconducting 'connection between the abutting ends of the adjacent rails which constitute the insulated section. Such aconnee'tionis shown and described, for example, in the patent of Gassett and Fisher, No. 227,102of May 4, 1880. The lengthot the insulated sections of track need not beuniform, but may witha vantage vary according `to circumstances from, say, ytive .hundred to twothousand feet in length. The more perfect the insulation ot' the'track the longer the section may be made.

Between each two ofthe insulated workingsections last described are placed short sections of the same character alternating therewith, as shown at c d', c2 d", c d. y The length of these short sect ions is preferably made to correspond with the length of the wheel-bases of the vehicles designed to be used on the railway for reasons hereinafter to be ezqilained. As a rule,

. the conductor F, and the .9, 10 l1 12, &c., is no'rlnnlly be Ymade from ten to thirty feet in road A and parallel, and in convenient proXg mity thereto. These conductors are preferably formed of' thick copper wires or rods, and they may be either suspended vin the air and attached to posts by suitable insulating-supports, in theV manner of an ordinary telegraph-line, or they may be placed in tubes above or beneath the surface of the ground,or arranged in any other convenient manner.

At one or more convenient points along the line of the main conductors and of therail road suitable preferably consisting of dynamo-electric machines arranged either singly or in groups and driven by steam-engines or other convenient prime motors, and the positive and negative terminals of each generator or group ofA generators E are respectively united to the main conductors F and G. as shown in the figures.l The opposite insulated lines of rail of each working track-section` are respectively counected with the insulated conductors F and G through the'circuit-controlling devices at each end of the section. For example, the rail-sec tion a may be connected with the main conductor F by' the branchlcomluctor l 2 3, and the opposite rail-section,l/,with the conductor G by the branch 4 5 6. In like manner the branch 7 8 9 connects the rail-section a'l with branch l0 11 12 with the railsection l2 through the conductor G, and so on. lt is to be understood that each working ruil-section aLand b', a? and Iii, &c., is provided with a branch conductor and cirieuit-eontroller at one of its ends, the connection being preferably made in the manner shown-that is, to the righthand end ot' railsection a', and to the left-hand end of the section b. Bach ofthe branches l 2 3, 4 5 6, 7 8

open, being p'rovided with a key or circuit-controller as seen at lc' la It k. These,when closed, establish an 'electric connection between the conductors F and G and the respective insulated lines of rails. The alternate shortv insulated sections c d', c2 d, t"z al3 mav be designated as f controlling sources of electricity are established, Y

IOC

IIO

seetions,7 as distinguished,from'the working-fsections .hereinbefore described. tions furnish a meanswhereby the These secelectric 1o*- -comotive or vehicle just before entering upon any one of the working-sections is enabled, automatically, to placev such workingsection in connection with the main conductor. is 'effected by means of a local circuit which unites the opposite insulated rails of each con- -trollingsection-as, for example, c2 and cl2-.4

which circuit traverses a helix upon each one This of four electro-magnets, M"M*'MM, the office of said electro magnets being tocomplete the circuit of the respective branch conductors hereinbefore described, leading from the main conductor to the insulated rails-of the working-sections. The manner in which this result ence to the detached diagram, Fig. 2, in which c and b represent. the rails ot' the workingsec-V tion,which are connected by meansot' the condnctorsf and f/ with the terminals otA a suitable dynamo-electric machine or other Source of electric energy, E.

l represents an electrically-actuated locomotive or vehicle adapted to travel upon said rails. This vehicle is provided with twopairs` of wheels, te wand '1r' 'te'. The outer rim or tire ol' each wheel is insulated, which is pret'- erably etl'eeted by intel-posing an insulating substance at some point between the t-i re and the hub.

1) and p2 are reversible dynamoelectric machinesthat is to say, they are machines capable ot`- actingeither as generators or motors. The movable or rotating port-ion ot' each ot' these generator-sis mechanically connected with or attached to the axle of its corresponding pair of wheels, and the terminals ot' the coils ot' the machine are respectively connected to the tires of the opposite wheels of the pair, as shown attrand 1/ and .'r." and y'. Thus itwill b3 understood that each pair ot' wheels of the vehicle P, with its actuating motor, forms an independent electric connection from one in sulated rail to the other, so that when the vehicle'is standingor traveling upon a working section, as a b, the two motors 1) and 1f will be 'connected in multiple arc with each other and is notl in electrical connection with the gener! ator E, but is connected with a local circuit, 13 'A14 15, which includes the coils of an electromagnet, M; hence itwill be understood that.

when the vehicle is passing over the workingsection a 11,'both the dynamo-electric machines ppi will actas electric motors, and will exerttheir force in propelling the vehicle I", but so soon as the latter reacties the position shown in 2, in which the front or advance pair of Wheels rest upon the controlling insulated section c d, the dynamoelectric machine p no longer acts as a motor, but instantly becomes a generator, acting in that capacity to trans mit. au electric current through the railsc d and the electric circuit 13 1-t l5, and thus actuating an electro-magnet. or other translatingde vice,M. Meanwhile,theotherdynaino electric machine, p2, conti unes to act as amotor until, by reason ofthe progressive movement of the vehicle, it reaches the insulatedjoints e e, when it in turn becomes a generator; but at this instant, provided 4the controlling-sec tion is of proper length, the other machine,

1J', passes on to the next working-section in advance and again commences to act as a motor; hence as the vehicle P passes along the one machine is momentarily acting as a generh ator Vits companion continues to act as a motor, so that the propelling power of the main current upon the vehicle is never wholly suspended. e lt is obvious that a vehicle provided with one electric motor acting upon a single pair ot' wheels may be used in connection with the system ot' insulated sectional conductors and con necting circuits which have been described,` theV only objection heilig that the motor will momentarily cease to act as such while passing over the short controlling-sections. This in. most cases will be amatter ot' little. iin-l portance, as the momentum of the vehicle will be sut'ticient to impel it forward to the next working-section. For unil'orm and continuons action the organization hereinbefore described, comprising two or more indepcmlent motors upon one vehicle, is to be preferred in pract ice."

The operation ot' the apparatus is as follows: Suppose a vehicle, traveling in the direction indicated by the arrow, enters upon the short controlling-section c d at the right ofthe tigure. The motor upon the vehicle, acting for the moment as a generator, will transmit a current through a local controlling circuit, which may be traced as follows: From the insulated rail c by wires 13 and l-t, traversing the helix ofthe controllingmagnet M', thence by wire 15 to the helix ot' controlliiig-magnet M2, thence by wires lo and 17 to theinsulatcd `rail d', and thence tothe other pole ot' the geuand M2, and thus retains the circuit-Ycontrollers lr' #in position after the cessation ol' the loca-l current whichoriginally caused the electro-magnets M and M2 to become excited. The traveling vehicle is thus supplied' with an actuating-current from the main conductors so long as it rcmains'upon the section c' b. vfhen the vehicle enters npou'the controlling-section c2 d", the same operation asbet'ore is repeated, and 'a local current is transmitted, which may be traced as follows: Front the insulated rail c'l by the wire 18 to thel point'lt), where it divides, one' portion going through the wire 20 to the electro-magnet M3,

and thence by wire 2l to the electro-magnet M, thence by wire 22 to the point 23, returning by wire 24 to the insulated rail d2.

from the point 19, goes by the wire 25 back to electro-magnet M', land thence by wire 26 to electro-magnet M2, and thencel by wire 21 to the point 23, .returning by the wire 24 to the insulated rail'dl.' Tlie portion of the current which passes by the route tirst described actnates the electromagnets M3 and M4, and

Thel other portion ofthe same current, diverging ICO IIO

IBO

thus admits the electric current to the next track-section (a2 b2) in advance. The last-- named portion of the current (which acts upon the electro-magnets M and M2) performs no useful function when the vehicle is running in its presentdirection, and in case a double track lineis'employed'on which the vehicles 1un in one direetionjonly, it is, entirely dispensed with. It i'snecessary, however, inthe lcase of al single-track railroad, such as that shown in the figure, on which vehicles may travel in either direction, in orderto properly operate the circuit-controllers in advance of a vehicle going in a direction opposite to that of the one now under consideration.

It remains to describe the means for stopping a vehicle traveling upon the railroad-line by a device actuated either from a fixed point as a station, or in case of accident or emergencv, from any point 'along the line.

R Ri'are electromagnets the armatures of which, `r r2, are normally held in contact with the stopst and t2. These armatures and contact-stops form portions of the branch circuits leading from the main conductors F G to the respective insulated rail-sections e* b. The

electromagnets R R2 are kept constantly mag:

netized by an electric currentproceeding from a battery or other suitable generator, o, and circulatng constantly through a conductor, 28 29 30 31. This conductor is preferably composed cfa thin wire extended along the line of the railroad from one end of the section to the other and back, and may with, advantage be placed upon posts or supports near the Y track at such a height as to be easily reached by a person standing upon-.the ground. If

. there is a regular station at any point on the section, a (.'ircuitfbreaking switch, Q, may be provided f or interrupting the circuit.

The operation of this portion of the appatus is as follows: Suppose a vehicle to be traversing the working-section a b'z and it is de- 'sired by the station-master or by a watchman to stop the vehicle, this' may b'c effected by severing er interrupting the break-down circuit at any peint, which may be done by simply cutting the wire with a suitable instru- 'ment; or by opening the circuit-breaker or 50' electro-magnets It R2 will be simultaneously switch Q. In either case the armature of the released, the respective armatures r r* will fall back on their rear contacts, s s2, thc result ofwhich will be to instantly disconnect the insulated rail-sections ai' I)2 from the main or supply conductors F and G, and to connect them together at each endofthe section-viz.,

at the left' end by theconducter l0, armaturevice forms an efficient safeguard against accident, as any person whatever, upon discoverlf sectional conductors independent of the rails of the track are employed, the arrangement'ofcircuitsand eilcuitcoutrollers remains the same as hereinbefore described, the c0nnections between the traveling motor and sectional conductor being effected by means of brushes, Scrapers, or similar well-known devices. l

I claim as my invention- 1. In an electrically-actuated railway system, thecombination of a main conductor extending along the line of the railway and parallel thereto for supplying an electric current to a vehicle standing or moving upon said railway, circ'uit-controllers placed at intervals along the line of said'railway for establishing and interrupting the passage of the electric current from said conductor through said ve hicles, electro-magnets for actuating said circuitcontrollers, electric-generators carried upon said vehicles, and electrical conductors whereby said generators are placed in connection with said electrdmagnets at required points as said vehiclesA pass along the line for actuating said circuit-controllers, as set forth.

2. In an electrically-actuated railway system, the combination ,of a series ofvinsulated t1'ack-sections,each of which receives in turn an elect-'ric current from a stationary generator, and imparts said current to .a reversibletravelingjelectric motor, with a second series of insulated track-sections alternating 'with the first-named series, each of which receives in turn'an electric current from said traveling motor when act-ing in reverse, and imparts said current to one or more stationary' transf lating devices. V

3. In an electrically-actuated railway system, the combination of a series of insulated conductor-sections, each'of which in turn re ceivcs an electric current from a stationary generator and imparts said current to a revcrsible traveling motor, with a second series IOO of insulated `conductor -sections alternating with the lirstnanied series, each of which receives in turn an electric current from said traveling motor when' acting in reverse, and imparts said current to one or more stationary translating devices.

4. In an electrically-actuated railway system, a reversible dynamo-electric machine mounted upon a traveling vehicle having ils moving parts mechanically connected with the wheels of said vehicle, in' combination with a series of sectional electric conductors extending parallel tothe direction of movement of said vehicle, conducting electrical connections lbetween said dynamo-electric machine and that portion of the sectional. conductor which is contiguous thereto, conductors connecting each alternate section of said sectional conductor with a source of electrical energy, and

. conductors connecting the remaining alternate sections with translating devices, as set forth".

5. In an electrically-actuated railway system, the combination of a series of insulated track-sections, each of which in turn receives an electric current from afstationary geilerator, a second series of insulated track-sections, each having a length approximately the same as that of the cxtreme wheel -base of the vehicle designed to traverse said track-sections, and alternating with the iirst-named series, stationary translat-ing devices electrically connected with the last-named series of track-sections, a vehicle having two or `more pairs of wheels, `andl a' separate reversible dynamoelectric machine for propelling each pair cf wheels, whereby one oi' said machines may act as a generatorat the same ti meA thatthe other is acti ng as a motor, as set forth.

' 6. In an electricallyactuated railway system, the. combination of a series of insulated condnoter-sections, each of which in turn receives an electric current from -a stationary generator,=a second series o f shorter insulatedv conductiorsections alternating with the firstnamedsections, stationaryy translating devices electrically connected witlrthe last-named' series of i nsulate'd conductorsections, a vehicle propelled. by two or more independent reversible dynamo-electric machines, and electrical contact devices for connecting said machines independently with the contiguous insulated coinluctor-section, whereby one ot' said niachine.;l may act asa generator at the same time that another is acting as a motor, as set forth.

7. In an electrically-actuated railway system, 'the combination ci' a main conductor eX- tending along` the line .of a railway and par! allel thereto i'or supplying an electric current to a vehicle standing upon or moving along sai-d railway,an inde pendenteleet ricconductor likewise extending along the line of said railway and parallel thereto, and twoindependent circuit-controllers, both of which are brought pendent conductor to si muitaneousl y interrupt v upon the vehicle and the other from the main Hic connectionbetween the supply-conductor "and the vehicle on both si-des of the latter, as

'set forth.

8.v AIn an. electrically-actuated` railway .system, the combination of a main conductorex'- tending along the line of the railway and par'- allcl thereto for supplying an electric current to a vehicle standing or moving upon said, railway, a stationary circuit-controller placed upon or near ihe'lin'e of said railway for establishing and interrupting the flow of the electric current through isaid vehicle, an electro-magnet 'for actuating said circuit-controller, and two distincty electric 'circuits for actuating said electro-magnet, one' of which derives its current from a generator carried conductor through the circuit which is closed by the circnit-controller itself..

9. In an electri-cally-actuated railway system, thev combination-,cf a main conductor extending along the line of a railway and parallel thereto for supplying' an electric current to a vehicle standing upon or moving along. said railway, an independent electric conduct-or likewise extending along the line of said' railway and parallel thereto', and a circuit-controller which is brought into action upon the severing of said independent conductor to interrupt. or prevent theflow of cnrrentfrom the main or supply conductor to the said vehicle, as setzforthi 10.' In an e'lectrically-actuated railway system, the combination .of `main conductor eX-V tending along the line of a railway and parallel thereto, and connected with a suitable source 'of electric energy for supplying. an

generator, and a second series ofinsulated conductor-sections alternating with -the .rst-

namedV series, each of which receives in turn an elect-ric current Afrom said' traveling motor when acting in reverse, one or more stationary cirecit-controllers for establishing and inf terrupting the flow of the electr-iccurrent from the main or supply conductor to-each of the first-named insulated conduetingsections, one or more electro-magnets for actuating said circuit-controllers. and local circuits which convey the current from each one of the second series of insulated conductor-sections to,' intol action upon the severing of said indethe electro-magnets actuating the circuit-controllers oi' the adjacent sections-,in each di-v rection.

12; In an electrically-actuated railway syscontinuous conductor extending from said 1 source int proximity to each of saidinsulated.

conducting-sections, electrically-operated cit"- cuit-ccntrolling 'devices for establishing au 'electric connection between said continuous conductor and said insulating conducting-secti-ons,a reversible electro dynamic motor actuated by currents supplied thereto through the last-named conductors, and independent electric conductors respectively traversing the actuating electro-magnets of one or more of said electrically-operated ci1'cu-it-controllers,

whereby the latter are' actuated by currents'v produced by said motor when acting; in redirection and for retainingl the sinne in action verse. while said Avehicle is passing over a-determin- 13. In an electrically-actuated railway sysate distance, as seb fort-h. tem, the combination of a circuit-controller In testimony whereof I have h/ercnnto s'nbrg, 5 for establishing' and interrupting the'low of scribed my naine this 12th dcyjof February,

the actuating electric current between the AJ). 1885. y

vsource of electric energy and the traveling; l x electric 1noto1,and an electronmgneb for aelu- L B RANK L' POPE' ating said circuitJ controller, provided with fitnessesz 11o three independenthelices for operating the DANL. W'. EDGECOMB,

same upon the passage of a vehicle in each Ji-IARLES A. TERRY. 

